What recent federal law affects disclosures for cash-paying patients?

The correct choice highlights that patients have the right to request non-disclosure of their payment information, which is a significant aspect of their privacy rights under certain recent federal regulations. This emphasizes the importance of protecting patient privacy, particularly for those who choose to pay for healthcare services in cash and prefer that their payment information remains confidential.

This understanding is aligned with the principle that healthcare providers must balance the need for operational transparency and billing processes with the individual's rights to privacy and confidentiality in their health care experiences. The option reflects the evolving nature of patient rights, especially in light of concerns regarding health data privacy, allowing individuals to have more control over their personal information.

In contrast, the other options do not accurately reflect the recent changes in federal law regarding patient privacy and payment information. For instance, disclosing payment information without consent, mandating disclosures to third parties, or requiring upfront payments does not align with the patient-centric approach that is increasingly emphasized in healthcare privacy practices.